如何在 Canopy 中导入 scikit-learn

在 Canopy 中导入 scikit-learn 是一个简单的过程。首先，确保你已经安装了 scikit-learn，然后你可以像在其他 Python 环境中一样导入它。

1、问题背景

我正在尝试使用以下代码：

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
import numpy as np

我收到以下错误：

ImportError: No module named sklearn.datasets

然后我尝试安装 scikit-learn，但遇到了以下错误：

pip install -U scikit-learnFile "<ipython-input-9-6d283b29f0f9>", line 1pip install -U scikit-learn^
SyntaxError: invalid syntaxeasy_install -U scikit-learnFile "<ipython-input-10-59440c1e5ef6>", line 1easy_install -U scikit-learn^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

我正在使用 Enthought Canopy Express，我原以为“Enthought Python Distribution 已经搭载了较新版本。”就像在 http://scikit-learn.org/stable/install.html#enthought-python-distribution 中提到的那样。我如何使用 scikit-learn？

编辑：通过 easy_install pip 安装 pip 后，我尝试运行 pip install -U scikit-learn，并收到了从日志文件中获取的以下错误：

running build_clibNo module named msvccompiler in numpy.distutils; trying from distutilscustomize MSVCCompilerMissing compiler_cxx fix for MSVCCompilercustomize MSVCCompiler using build_clibbuilding 'libsvm-skl' librarycompiling C sourcesPartial import of sklearn during the build process.C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:564: UserWarning: Specified path C:\Users\vagrant\src\master-env\libs is invalid.warnings.warn('Specified path %s is invalid.' % d)C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:564: UserWarning: Specified path C:\Users\vagrant\src\master-env\include is invalid.warnings.warn('Specified path %s is invalid.' % d)C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1494: UserWarning:Atlas (http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net/) libraries not found.Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in thenumpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [atlas]) or by settingthe ATLAS environment variable.warnings.warn(AtlasNotFoundError.__doc__)C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1503: UserWarning:Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in thenumpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by settingthe BLAS environment variable.warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1506: UserWarning:Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.Directories to search for the sources can be specified in thenumpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by settingthe BLAS_SRC environment variable.warnings.warn(BlasSrcNotFoundError.__doc__)sklearn\svm\setup.py:58: UserWarning:Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in thenumpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by settingthe BLAS environment variable.warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)sklearn\setup.py:77: UserWarning:Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in thenumpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by settingthe BLAS environment variable.warnings.warn(BlasNotFoundError.__doc__)error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat----------------------------------------Cleaning up...Removing temporary dir c:\users\cle1394\appdata\local\temp\pip_build_cle1394...
Command C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\Scripts\python.exe -c "import setuptools;__file__='c:\\users\\cle1394\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip_build_cle1394\\scikit-learn\\setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record c:\users\cle1394\appdata\local\temp\pip-1ysfly-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in c:\users\cle1394\appdata\local\temp\pip_build_cle1394\scikit-learnException information:
Traceback (most recent call last):File "C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg\pip\basecommand.py", line 134, in mainstatus = self.run(options, args)File "C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg\pip\commands\install.py", line 241, in runrequirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)File "C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg\pip\req.py", line 1298, in installrequirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)File "C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg\pip\req.py", line 625, in installcwd=self.source_dir, filter_stdout=self._filter_install, show_stdout=False)File "C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\lib\site-packages\pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg\pip\util.py", line 670, in call_subprocess% (command_desc, proc.returncode, cwd))
InstallationError: Command C:\Users\cle1394\AppData\Local\Enthought\Canopy\User\Scripts\python.exe -c "import setuptools;__file__='c:\\users\\cle1394\\appdata\\local\\temp\\pip_build_cle1394\\scikit-learn\\setup.py';exec(compile(open(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record c:\users\cle1394\appdata\local\temp\pip-1ysfly-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed failed with error code 1 in c:\users\cle1394\appdata\local\temp\pip_build_cle1394\scikit-learn

2、解决方案

• 尝试在 OS 终端而不是 Python 命令行中运行以下命令：

pip install -U scikit-learn

• 确保正在使用 Canopy Basic，而不是 Canopy Express。

• 如果正在使用 Canopy Basic，可以从 OS 命令行安装任何包，如下所示：

pip install scikit-learn

• 确保拥有兼容的 Python 版本。Scikit-learn 不兼容于所有版本的 Python。

• 确保系统中安装了必需的依赖项。Scikit-learn 依赖于 NumPy、SciPy 和 matplotlib。

• 如果仍然遇到问题，可以尝试从源

总结

1. 安装 scikit-learn：通过 Canopy 包管理器或 pip 安装。
2. 导入库：使用 import sklearn 或从其中导入特定模块。
3. 验证安装：打印 scikit-learn 版本确认安装成功。
4. 开始使用：加载数据，创建模型，进行训练与预测。

如果遇到问题，可以检查 scikit-learn 是否已正确安装，并确保 Canopy 环境的配置正确。