Django网站开发技术的应用（理论篇）

概述

Django提供了许多功能。比如在安全方面上Django提供了csrf防护机制以防止跨域脚本攻击、使用身份验证机制以防止未授权的登录等等。在数据库方面上Django提供了orm（面向对象的数据库访问技术）方便了对数据库的操作。此外Django还提供自定义模板、缓存技术等功能。使得使用Django开发网站的效率大大增加。类似于springboot框架，Django也可以在setting.py里添加若干配置如静态资源的位置、缓存、数据库连接配置等等。以下是一个setting.py的样例。大家可以在评论区大致猜猜这个Django项目里用到了哪些技术要点。

"""
Django settings for WashingServiceManagementSystem project.Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 5.0.6.For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/settings/For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/
"""from pathlib import Path# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
import channels.sessions
import django.contrib.messages.storage.cookie
import django_redis.clientBASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/deployment/checklist/# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-u1=23_h&2v5s0w#21cod&++ui8s%$yb5^(_9c+69c0iz^rolf2'# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = TrueALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']# Application definitionINSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','daphne','django.contrib.staticfiles','channels','services'
]MIDDLEWARE = ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]ROOT_URLCONF = 'WashingServiceManagementSystem.urls'TEMPLATES = [{'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates','DIRS': [BASE_DIR / 'templates'],'APP_DIRS': True,'OPTIONS': {'context_processors': ['django.template.context_processors.debug','django.template.context_processors.request','django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth','django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',],},},
]WSGI_APPLICATION = 'WashingServiceManagementSystem.wsgi.application'ASGI_APPLICATION = 'WashingServiceManagementSystem.asgi.application'CHANNEL_LAYERS = {'default': {'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer','CONFIG': {'hosts': ["redis://localhost:6379/0"]}}
}
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#databasesDATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3','NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',}
}# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validatorsAUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',},
]# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/topics/i18n/LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'USE_I18N = TrueUSE_TZ = True# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/howto/static-files/STATIC_URL = 'static/'# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-fieldDEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'SESSION_COOKIE_NAME = 'py_session'SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 60 * 60 * 24SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = TrueCACHES={'default':{'BACKEND':'django_redis.cache.RedisCache','LOCATION':'redis://127.0.0.1:6397/1'}
}