Unity 从零开始的框架搭建1-7 FSM有限状态机与其应用示例

本文小白可能看不懂,所以引路:【最用心の Unity百宝箱】4. 有限状态机_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

当然,我不是按照小棋这么写的,但是思想都是一样的

另外说句题外话,配合动画状态机的函数用代码去控制逻辑才是真理,大量连线会导致项目无法维护,比如unity商店某Poly FPS PACKAGE里面的动画状态机

1.单例基类

2.Mono代理

3.状态基类

4.状态机类

5.应用

1.单例基类

不懂单例模式?
C# & Unity 设计模式之单例模式_unity 使用单例做变量初始化-CSDN博客

using UnityEngine;public class SingltonMono<T> : MonoBehaviour where T : SingltonMono<T>
{public static T Instance;protected virtual void Awake() {if (Instance == null){Instance = this as T;}}
}

2.Mono代理

看不懂Mono代理?
一言蔽之:让没有继承MonoBehaviour的类之中使用 MonoBehaviour 的生命周期方法等

using System;public class MonoManager : SingltonMono<MonoManager>
{private Action UpdateAction;private Action LaterUpdateAction;private Action FixedUpdateAction;public void AddUpdate(Action action){UpdateAction += action;}public void AddLaterUpdate(Action action){LaterUpdateAction += action;}public void AddFixedUpdate(Action action){FixedUpdateAction += action;}public void RemoveUpdate(Action action){UpdateAction -= action;}public void RemoveLaterUpdate(Action action){LaterUpdateAction -= action;}public void RemoveFixedUpdate(Action action){FixedUpdateAction -= action;}private void Update(){UpdateAction?.Invoke();}private void LateUpdate(){LaterUpdateAction?.Invoke();}private void FixedUpdate(){FixedUpdateAction?.Invoke();}}

3.状态基类

看不懂状态基类?

我不信你看不懂,这都看不懂就滚去学oop!

C# & Unity 面向对象补全计划之初识继承方法与多态（干货）_unity 继承-CSDN博客

public abstract class StateBase
{public virtual void Init(IStateMachineOwner owner) { }public virtual void UnInit() { }public virtual void Enter() { }public virtual void Exit() { }public virtual void Update() { }public virtual void LateUpdate() { }public virtual void FixedUpdate(){}
}

4.状态机类

IStateMachineOwner接口利用了里氏替换

C# & Unity 面向对象补全计划七大原则之里氏替换(LSP) 难度：☆☆☆ 总结：子类可以当父类用，牛马是马，骡马也是马-CSDN博客

以及类似控制反转的方式(看下文高级使用实例)

C# & Unity 面向对象补全计划之接口_unity c# 接口-CSDN博客

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;public interface IStateMachineOwner
{
}
public class StateMechine
{private IStateMachineOwner owner; //Any Class can be onwner only inherit this interfaceprivate Dictionary<Type, StateBase> statesDic = new Dictionary<Type, StateBase>();public StateBase currentStateBase;public Type CurrentStateType => currentStateBase?.GetType();public bool HasState => currentStateBase != null;//初始化状态机public void Init(IStateMachineOwner owner){this.owner = owner;}//切换状态public bool ChangeState<T>(bool needRewState = false) where T : StateBase, new(){//check state is consistentif (HasState && CurrentStateType == typeof(T) && !needRewState) return false;//exitif (currentStateBase != null){currentStateBase.Exit();MonoManager.Instance.RemoveFixedUpdate(currentStateBase.Update);MonoManager.Instance.RemoveLaterUpdate(currentStateBase.LateUpdate);MonoManager.Instance.RemoveUpdate(currentStateBase.Update);}currentStateBase = GetState<T>();currentStateBase.Enter();MonoManager.Instance.AddUpdate(currentStateBase.Update);MonoManager.Instance.AddLaterUpdate(currentStateBase.LateUpdate);MonoManager.Instance.AddFixedUpdate(currentStateBase.FixedUpdate);return false;}//获取状态public StateBase GetState<T>() where T : StateBase, new(){if (!statesDic.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out StateBase TryState)){T t = new T();t.Init(owner);statesDic.Add(typeof(T), t);TryState = t;}return TryState;}//停止状态机public void Stop(){currentStateBase.Exit();MonoManager.Instance.RemoveUpdate(currentStateBase.Update);MonoManager.Instance.RemoveLaterUpdate(currentStateBase.LateUpdate);MonoManager.Instance.RemoveFixedUpdate(currentStateBase.FixedUpdate);currentStateBase = null;foreach (var item in statesDic.Values){item.UnInit();}statesDic.Clear();}
}