数据声明
"Data Statement
"before
DATA text TYPE string.
text = `ABC`.
"740
DATA(text) = `ABC`."Loop at into work area
"before
DATA wa like LINE OF itab.
LOOP AT itab INTO wa.
…
ENDLOOP.
"740
LOOP AT itab INTO DATA(wa). …
ENDLOOP."Call method
"before
DATA a1 TYPE …
DATA a2 TYPE …
oref->meth( IMPORTING p1 = a1IMPORTING p2 = a2).
"740
oref->meth(IMPORTING p1 = DATA(a1)IMPORTING p2 = DATA(a2) )."Loop at assigning
"before
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <line> type …
LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING <line>.…
ENDLOOP.
"740
LOOP AT itabASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>).…
ENDLOOP."Read assigning
"before
FIELD-SYMBOLS: <line> type …
READ TABLE itabASSIGNING <line>.
"740
READ TABLE itabASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<line>)."Select into table
"before
DATA itab TYPE TABLE OF dbtab.
SELECT * FROM dbtabINTO TABLE itabWHERE fld1 = lv_fld1.
"740
SELECT * FROM dbtabINTO TABLE @DATA(itab) WHERE fld1 = @lv_fld1."Select single into
"before
SELECT SINGLE f1 f2 FROM dbtabINTO (lv_f1, lv_f2)WHERE …
WRITE: / lv_f1, lv_f2.
"740
SELECT SINGLE f1 AS my_f1,F2 AS abc FROM dbtabINTO @DATA(ls_structure)WHERE …
WRITE: / ls_structure-my_f1,ls_structure-abc.内表操作表达式达式
*使用新语法，如果没找到则会抛出异常CX_SY_ITAB_LINE_NOT_FOUND
"Read Table index
"before
READ TABLE itab INDEX idx INTO wa.
"740
wa = itab[ idx ]."Read Table using key
"before
READ TABLE itab INDEX idx USING KEY key INTO wa.
"740
wa = itab[ KEY key INDEX idx ]."Read Table with key
"before
READ TABLE itab WITH KEY col1 = … col2 = … INTO wa.
"740
wa = itab[ col1 = … col2 = … ]."Read Table with key components
"before
READ TABLE itab WITH TABLE KEY key COMPONENTS col1 = … col2 = … INTO wa.
"740
wa = itab[ KEY key col1 = … col2 = … ]."Does record exist?
"before
READ TABLE itab … TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS.
IF sy-subrc = 0.…
ENDIF.
"740
IF line_exists( itab[ … ] ).…
ENDIF."Get table index
"before
DATA idx type sy-tabix.
READ TABLE … TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS.
idx = sy-tabix.
"740
DATA(idx) = line_index( itab[ … ] ).CONV 运算符
CONV dtype|#( … )dtype = Type you want to convert to (显式转换)
# = compiler must use the context to decide the type to convert to (隐式转换)*简单理解
DATA: LV_TEXT TYPE CHAR01,LV_STR TYPE STRING." 显式转换：将LV_TEXT转换成STRING类型
LV_STR = CONV STRING( LV_TEXT ).
" 隐式转换：将LV_TEXT转换成LV_STR的类型
LV_STR = CONV #( LV_TEXT )."before
DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 255.
DATA helper TYPE string.
DATA xstr TYPE xstring.
helper = text.
xstr = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = helper ).
"740
DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 255.DATA(xstr) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = CONV string( text ) ).OR
DATA(xstr) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = CONV #( text ) ).VALUE 运算符
*定义
变量：VALUE dtype|#( )
结构：VALUE dtype|#( comp1 = a1 comp2 = a2 … )
内表：VALUE dtype|#( ( … ) ( … ) … ) …
*结构赋值
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_columns1, “Simple structurecols1 TYPE i,cols2 TYPE i,END OF ty_columns1.
TYPES: BEGIN OF ty_columnns2, “Nested structurecoln1 TYPE i,coln2 TYPE ty_columns1,END OF ty_columns2.
DATA: struc_simple TYPE ty_columns1,struc_nest TYPE ty_columns2.
struct_nest = VALUE t_struct(coln1 = 1coln2-cols1 = 1coln2-cols2 = 2 ).或者
struct_nest = VALUE t_struct(coln1 = 1coln2 = VALUE #( cols1 = 1cols2 = 2 )
*内表赋值
" 内表
TYPES t_itab TYPE TABLE OF i WITH EMPTY KEY.
DATA itab TYPE t_itab.
itab = VALUE #( ( ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) )." Range
DATA itab TYPE RANGE OF i.
itab = VALUE #( sign = 'I' option = 'BT' ( low = 1 high = 10 )( low = 21 high = 30 )( low = 41 high = 50 )option = 'GE' ( low = 61 ) )FOR 运算符
*定义
FOR wa|<fs> IN itab [INDEX INTO idx] [cond]
循环内表itab，读取行分配给结构wa或字段符号<fs>
INDEX为循环索引，赋值给idx变量，非必填
cond为循环条件
*案例一
TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_SHIP,TKNUM TYPE TKNUM, "SHIPMENT NUMBERNAME TYPE ERNAM, "NAME OF PERSON WHO CREATED THE OBJECTCITY TYPE ORT01, "STARTING CITYROUTE TYPE ROUTE, "SHIPMENT ROUTEEND OF TY_SHIP.
TYPES: TY_SHIPS TYPE SORTED TABLE OF TY_SHIP WITH UNIQUE KEY TKNUM.
TYPES: TY_CITYS TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF ORT01 WITH EMPTY KEY." 这里的TY_SHIPS需要声明表类型，且要指明是否带KEY值
DATA(GT_SHIPS) = VALUE TY_SHIPS(( TKNUM = 001 NAME = 'John' CITY = 'Melbourne' ROUTE = 'R0001' )( TKNUM = 002 NAME = 'Gavin' CITY = 'Sydney' ROUTE = 'R0003' )( TKNUM = 003 NAME = 'Lucy' CITY = 'Adelaide' ROUTE = 'R0001' )( TKNUM = 004 NAME = 'Elaine' CITY = 'Perth' ROUTE = 'R0003' )).DATA(GT_CITYS) = VALUE TY_CITYS( FOR LS_SHIP IN GT_SHIPS WHERE ( ROUTE = 'R0001' ) ( LS_SHIP-CITY ) ).
CL_DEMO_OUTPUT=>DISPLAY( GT_CITYS ).
*案例二
TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_INDEX,INDEX TYPE I,NAME TYPE CHAR30,END OF TY_INDEX.DATA: GT_INDEX TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_INDEX.GT_INDEX = VALUE #( FOR LS_SHIP IN GT_SHIPS INDEX INTO GV_INDEX WHERE ( ROUTE = 'R0003' ) ( INDEX = GV_INDEX NAME = |NAME:{ LS_SHIP-NAME }| ) ).*案例三
TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_LINE,COL1 TYPE I,COL2 TYPE I,COL3 TYPE I,END OF TY_LINE,TY_TAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_LINE WITH EMPTY KEY.DATA(GT_ITAB) = VALUE TY_TAB( FOR J = 11 THEN J + 10 UNTIL J > 40( COL1 = J COL2 = J + 1 COL3 = J + 2 ) ).
REDUCE 运算符
*定义… REDUCE type(
INIT result = start_value…FOR for_exp1FOR for_exp2…NEXT …result = iterated_value… )*案例1TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_LINE,COL1 TYPE I,END OF TY_LINE,TY_TAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_LINE WITH EMPTY KEY.DATA(GT_ITAB) = VALUE TY_TAB( FOR J = 1 THEN J + 1 UNTIL J > 10( COL1 = J )).DATA(LV_SUM) = REDUCE I( INIT X = 0 FOR LS_ITAB IN GT_ITAB NEXT X = X + LS_ITAB-COL1 ).
CL_DEMO_OUTPUT=>DISPLAY( LV_SUM ).
*案例2
YPES OUTREF TYPE REF TO IF_DEMO_OUTPUT.DATA(OUTPUT) = REDUCE OUTREF( INIT OUT = CL_DEMO_OUTPUT=>NEW( )TEXT = `Count up:`FOR N = 1 THEN N + 2 UNTIL N > 11NEXT OUT = OUT->WRITE( TEXT )TEXT = |{ N }| ).OUTPUT->DISPLAY( ). 
COND 操作符
*定义
… COND dtype|#( WHEN log_exp1 THEN result1
[ WHEN log_exp2 THEN result2 ]
…
[ ELSE resultn ] ) …
*案例1DATA(TIME) =COND STRING(WHEN SY-TIMLO < '120000' THEN|{ SY-TIMLO TIME = ISO } AM|WHEN SY-TIMLO > '120000' THEN|{ CONV T( SY-TIMLO - 12 * 3600 ) TIME = ISO } PM|WHEN SY-TIMLO = '120000' THEN|High Noon|ELSE|Throw Exception| ).CL_DEMO_OUTPUT=>DISPLAY( TIME ).
SWITCH 操作符
*定义
… SWITCH dtype|#( operand
WHEN const1 THEN result1
[ WHEN const2 THEN result2 ]
…
[ ELSE resultn ] ) …
*案例1
DATA(LANGU) = SWITCH #( SY-LANGUWHEN 'D' THEN 'DE'WHEN 'E' THEN 'EN'WHEN '1' THEN 'ZH').CL_DEMO_OUTPUT=>DISPLAY( LANGU ).CORRESPONDING 运算符
*定义
… CORRESPONDING type( [BASE ( base )] struct|itab [mapping|except] )
*案例1
TYPES: BEGIN OF LINE1,COL1 TYPE I,COL2 TYPE I,END OF LINE1.TYPES: BEGIN OF LINE2,COL1 TYPE I,COL2 TYPE I,COL3 TYPE I,END OF LINE2.DATA(LS_LINE1) = VALUE LINE1( COL1 = 1 COL2 = 2 ).
WRITE: / 'ls_line1 =' ,15 LS_LINE1-COL1, LS_LINE1-COL2.DATA(LS_LINE2) = VALUE LINE2( COL1 = 3 COL2 = 4 COL3 = 5 ).
WRITE: / 'ls_line2 =' ,15 LS_LINE2-COL1, LS_LINE2-COL2, LS_LINE2-COL3.
SKIP 2.LS_LINE2 = CORRESPONDING #( LS_LINE1 ).
WRITE: / 'ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING #( ls_line1 )',70 'Result is ls_line2 = ',LS_LINE2-COL1, LS_LINE2-COL2, LS_LINE2-COL3.
SKIP.LS_LINE2 = VALUE LINE2( COL1 = 3 COL2 = 4 COL3 = 5 ).
LS_LINE2 = CORRESPONDING #( BASE ( LS_LINE2 ) LS_LINE1 ).
WRITE: / 'ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING #( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 )', 70 'Result is ls_line2 = ', LS_LINE2-COL1, LS_LINE2-COL2, LS_LINE2-COL3.
SKIP.LS_LINE2 = VALUE LINE2( COL1 = 3 COL2 = 4 COL3 = 5 ).
DATA(LS_LINE3) = CORRESPONDING LINE2( BASE ( LS_LINE2 ) LS_LINE1 ).
WRITE: / 'DATA(ls_line3) = CORRESPONDING line2( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 )', 70 'Result is ls_line3 = ', LS_LINE3-COL1, LS_LINE3-COL2, LS_LINE3-COL3. 
*Before
CLEAR ls_line2.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING ls_line1 TO ls_line2.
*740 根据line1的列数据匹配到line2上，如果不存在，则置为初始化
ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING #( ls_line1 ).*Before
MOVE-CORRESPONDING ls_line1 TO ls_line2.
*740 相当于MOVE-CORRESPONDING 在ls_line2的基础上匹配line1的数据
ls_line2 = CORRESPONDING # ( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 ).*Before
DATA: ls_line3 like ls_line2.
ls_line3 = ls_line2.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING ls_line1 TO ls_line2.
*740 基于line2类型创建ls_line3，而且基于ls_line2数据的基础上，匹配line1数据
DATA(ls_line3) = CORRESPONDING line2 ( BASE ( ls_line2 ) ls_line1 ).字符串处理
*定义
格式：|xxx { xxx } xxx|
固定文本放在 | | 之间
变量参数放在 { } 之间*组合 案例1
*Before
DATA lv_output TYPE string.
CONCATENATE 'Hello' 'world' INTO lv_output SEPARATED BY space.
*740
DATA(lv_out) = |Hello| & | | & |world|.*宽度/对齐方式/填充
WRITE / |{ 'Left' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = LEFT PAD = '0' }|.
WRITE / |{ 'Centre' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = CENTER PAD = '0' }|.
WRITE / |{ 'Right' WIDTH = 20 ALIGN = RIGHT PAD = '0' }|.*大小写
WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (cl_abap_format=>c_raw) }|.
WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (cl_abap_format=>c_upper) }|.
WRITE / |{ 'Text' CASE = (cl_abap_format=>c_lower) }|.*前导零
DATA(lv_vbeln) = '0000012345'.
WRITE / |{ lv_vbeln ALPHA = OUT }|. “or ALPHA = IN to go in other direction*日期
WRITE / |{ pa_date DATE = ISO }|. “Date Format YYYY-MM-DD
WRITE / |{ pa_date DATE = User }|. “As per user settings
WRITE / |{ pa_date DATE = Environment }|. “As per EnvironmentLoop at
*定义
LOOP AT itab result [cond] GROUP BY key ( key1 = dobj1 key2 = dobj2 …[gs = GROUP SIZE] [gi = GROUP INDEX] )
[ASCENDING|DESCENDING [AS TEXT]]
[WITHOUT MEMBERS]
[{INTO group}|{ASSIGNING <group>}]
…
[LOOP AT GROUP group|<group>
…
ENDLOOP.]
…
ENDLOOP.*案例1
TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_PEOPLE,NAME TYPE CHAR30,AGE TYPE I,SEX TYPE CHAR2,ROLE TYPE CHAR10,END OF TY_PEOPLE.TYPES: TY_PEOPLE_T TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TY_PEOPLE WITH KEY NAME.DATA: LV_AGE_SUM TYPE I,LV_AGE_AVG TYPE P DECIMALS 3.DATA(LT_PEOPLES) = VALUE TY_PEOPLE_T(( NAME = '张三' AGE = 11 SEX = '男' ROLE = '学生')( NAME = '李四' AGE = 12 SEX = '女' ROLE = '老师')( NAME = '王五' AGE = 13 SEX = '男' ROLE = '学生')( NAME = '赵六' AGE = 14 SEX = '女' ROLE = '打工人')( NAME = '孙七' AGE = 15 SEX = '男' ROLE = '老师')( NAME = '吴八' AGE = 16 SEX = '女' ROLE = '学生')( NAME = '陈九' AGE = 17 SEX = '男' ROLE = '打工人')( NAME = '华十' AGE = 18 SEX = '女' ROLE = '学生'))."这里的排序是根据关键字来排序的 先根据ROLE，相同的ROLE再根据SEX
LOOP AT LT_PEOPLES REFERENCE INTO DATA(LS_PEOPLES)GROUP BY ( ROLE = LS_PEOPLES->ROLESEX = LS_PEOPLES->SEXSIZE = GROUP SIZEINDEX = GROUP INDEX )DESCENDINGINTO DATA(LT_GROUPS).CLEAR: LV_AGE_SUM.WRITE: / |Group: { LT_GROUPS-INDEX } Role: { LT_GROUPS-ROLE WIDTH = 15 } Sex: { LT_GROUPS-SEX WIDTH = 10 } Number in this role: { LT_GROUPS-SIZE }|.LOOP AT GROUP LT_GROUPS INTO DATA(LS_GROUPS).LV_AGE_SUM = LV_AGE_SUM + LS_GROUPS-AGE.WRITE: /25 LS_GROUPS-NAME.ENDLOOP.LV_AGE_AVG = LV_AGE_SUM / LT_GROUPS-SIZE.WRITE: / |Average age: { LV_AGE_AVG }|.SKIP.
ENDLOOP. 
Filter 运算符
*定义
… FILTER type( itab [EXCEPT] [IN ftab] [USING KEY keyname]
WHERE c1 op f1 [AND c2 op f2 […]] )*案例
TYPES: BEGIN OF TY_FILTER,CITYFROM TYPE SPFLI-CITYFROM,CITYTO TYPE SPFLI-CITYTO,F3 TYPE I,END OF TY_FILTER,TY_FILTER_TAB TYPE HASHED TABLE OF TY_FILTERWITH UNIQUE KEY CITYFROM CITYTO.
DATA: LT_SPLFI TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF SPFLI.SELECT * FROM SPFLI APPENDING TABLE LT_SPLFI.DATA(LT_FILTER) = VALUE TY_FILTER_TAB( F3 = 2( CITYFROM = 'NEW YORK' CITYTO = 'SAN FRANCISCO' )( CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT' CITYTO = 'NEW YORK' ) ).DATA(LT_MYRECS) = FILTER #( LT_SPLFI IN LT_FILTERWHERE CITYFROM = CITYFROMAND CITYTO = CITYTO )."OUTPUT FILTERED RECORDS
WRITE: / 'Carrid', 8 'CityFrom', 30 'CityTo', 45 'Deptime'.
LOOP AT LT_MYRECS ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(<LS_REC>).WRITE: / <LS_REC>-CARRID,8 <LS_REC>-CITYFROM,30<LS_REC>-CITYTO,45 <LS_REC>-DEPTIME.
ENDLOOP.
例程转换
X = |{ X ALPHA = OUT }|
X= |{ X ALPHA = IN }|
