| 特性 | wait() | sleep() |
|---|---|---|
| 所在类和定义 | Object类中的实例方法 | Thread类中的静态方法 |
| 释放锁 | 是，调用wait()会释放当前持有的对象锁 | 否，调用sleep()不会释放任何锁 |
| 使用场景 | 线程间通信，通常与notify()或notifyAll()配合使用 | 让线程暂停执行一段时间，通常用于模拟延迟或调度任务 |
| 唤醒机制 | 依赖其他线程调用notify()或notifyAll() | 自动唤醒，经过指定时间后继续执行 |
| 抛出的异常 | InterruptedException，IllegalMonitorStateException | InterruptedException |
| 必须在同步块中调用 | 是，必须在synchronized块中调用 | 否，不需要在synchronized块中调用 |
示例代码
wait() 示例代码：
public class WaitExample {private static final Object lock = new Object();public static void main(String[] args) {Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {synchronized (lock) {try {System.out.println("Thread 1 is waiting.");lock.wait();System.out.println("Thread 1 is resumed.");} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}});Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {synchronized (lock) {try {Thread.sleep(2000);System.out.println("Thread 2 is notifying.");lock.notify();} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}});thread1.start();thread2.start();}
}
sleep() 示例代码：
public class SleepExample {public static void main(String[] args) {Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {try {System.out.println("Thread is sleeping for 2 seconds.");Thread.sleep(2000);System.out.println("Thread is awake.");} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}});thread.start();}
}
