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10.6.4 Json文件操作

2025/2/1 22:42:52 来源：https://blog.csdn.net/UruseiBest/article/details/145394028  浏览:  次   关键词：10.6.4 Json文件操作

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Json格式作为轻量级数据交换格式，在网页上也得到大量应用。Json格式与XML格式各有优缺点，本书中不作讨论，请自行查找相关资料。

在实际使用Json时，需要对它进行序列化或者反序列化。所谓序列化就是将对象转换为Json字符串；而反序列化就是将Json格式字符串转换为指定类型的对象。

C#中支持对Json序列化和反序列化的类有两个：JavaScriptSerializer类和DataContractJsonSerializer类。其中：

JavaScriptSerializer类需要引用System.Web.Extensions程序集，然后在所有代码前加上：

using System.Web.Script.Serialization;

DataContractJsonSerializer类需要引用System.Runtime.Serialization程序集，然后在所有代码前加上：

using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;

具体的引用方法是，单击菜单【项目】|【添加引用】，弹出【引用管理器】窗口，单击【程序集】|【框架】，从中间部分找到并勾选相应的程序集名称，最后按下“确定”按钮即可。

本节教程使用到用来序列化和反序列化的类：

    public class Book

    {

        public string ISBN;

        public string Title;

        public float Price;

        public string Year;

    }

    public class BookStore

    {

        public Book book;

    }

    public class Books

    {

        public BookStore bookstore;

    }

    public class BookStoreArray

    {

        public Book book;

    }

    public class BooksArray

    {

        public string Name;

        public BookStoreArray[] bookstore;

}

注意：在将类对象序列化为Json字符串时，类对象成员变量的名称将转为Json中的数据名称，类对象成员变量相应的值转为Json中的数据值。反序列化时，定义类对象成员变量的名称需要和Json中的数据名称一致，否则不能获取对应的数据值。

10.6.4.1 JavaScriptSerializer类

JavaScriptSerializer类为Json（启用AJAX的应用程序）提供序列化和反序列化功能。

JavaScriptSerializer重要方法：

  1. Serialize：序列化，将对象转换为Json字符串。
  2. Deserialize：反序列化，将Json格式字符串转换为指定类型的对象。

【例 10.27】【项目：code10-027】使用JavaScriptSerializer生成和解析Json格式。

        //序列化

        private void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            Books newbooks = new Books();

            BookStore newBook = new BookStore();

            Book newSingleBook = new Book();

            newSingleBook.ISBN = "9787302425274";

            newSingleBook.Title = "星球大战：克隆人的进攻";

            newSingleBook.Price = 48.0f;

            newSingleBook.Year = "1985";

            newBook.book = newSingleBook;

            newbooks.bookstore = newBook;

            //声明并实例化JavaScriptSerializer

            JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();

            string strNewBook;

            //序列化，将Books类对象转为Json字符串

            strNewBook = serializer.Serialize(newbooks);

            //显示序列化后的结果

            textBox1.Text = strNewBook;

        }

           //反序列化

        private void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            //声明并实例化JavaScriptSerializer

            JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();

            string strNewBook = textBox1.Text;

            Books newBooks = new Books();

            //反序列化，将Json字符串转换为Books类对象

            newBooks = serializer.Deserialize<Books>(strNewBook);

            textBox2.Text += "---------------" + "\r\n";

            textBox2.Text += "ISBN：" + newBooks.bookstore.book.ISBN + "\r\n";

            textBox2.Text += "Title：" + newBooks.bookstore.book.Title + "\r\n";

            textBox2.Text += "Price：" + newBooks.bookstore.book.Price + "\r\n";

            textBox2.Text += "Year：" + newBooks.bookstore.book.Year + "\r\n";

        }

            //序列化数组

        private void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            BooksArray newBooks = new BooksArray();

            newBooks.Name = "星球大战系列";

            newBooks.bookstore= new BookStoreArray[3];

            Book newSingleBook = new Book();

            newSingleBook.ISBN = "9787302425274";

            newSingleBook.Title = "星球大战：克隆人的进攻";

            newSingleBook.Price = 48.0f;

            newSingleBook.Year = "1985";

            BookStoreArray newBook = new BookStoreArray();

            newBook.book = newSingleBook;

            newBooks.bookstore[0] = newBook;

            newSingleBook = new Book();

            newSingleBook.ISBN = "9787302426899";

            newSingleBook.Title = "星球大战：西斯的复仇";

            newSingleBook.Price = 58.0f;

            newSingleBook.Year = "1985";

            newBook = new BookStoreArray();

            newBook.book = newSingleBook;

            newBooks.bookstore[1] = newBook;

            newSingleBook = new Book();

            newSingleBook.ISBN = "99787302421146";

            newSingleBook.Title = "星球大战：新的希望";

            newSingleBook.Price = 35.0f;

            newSingleBook.Year = "1985";

            newBook = new BookStoreArray();

            newBook.book = newSingleBook;

            newBooks.bookstore[2] = newBook;

            JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();

            string strNewBook;

            strNewBook = serializer.Serialize(newBooks);

            textBox1.Text = strNewBook;

        }

            //反序列化数组

        private void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            JavaScriptSerializer serializer = new JavaScriptSerializer();

            string strNewBook  = textBox1.Text;

            BooksArray newBooks = new BooksArray();

            newBooks = serializer.Deserialize<BooksArray>(strNewBook);

            textBox2.Text += newBooks.Name + "\r\n";

            for(int i = 0;i<= newBooks.bookstore.Length - 1;i++)

            {

                textBox2.Text += "---------------" + "\r\n";

                textBox2.Text += "ISBN：" + newBooks.bookstore[i].book.ISBN + "\r\n";

                textBox2.Text += "Title：" + newBooks.bookstore[i].book.Title + "\r\n";

                textBox2.Text += "Price：" + newBooks.bookstore[i].book.Price + "\r\n";

                textBox2.Text += "Year：" + newBooks.bookstore[i].book.Year + "\r\n";

            }

        }

运行结果如下图所示：

图10-16 序列化和反序列化Json数组

10.6.4.2 DataContractJsonSerializer类

DataContractJsonSerializer类将对象序列化为 Json数据，或将Json数据反序列化为对象。

DataContractJsonSerializer构造函数其中一个重载版本：

public DataContractJsonSerializer(Type type )

参数说明：

  1. type：表示序列化或反序列化的实例的类型。在实际使用中可以使用typeof(类型)方法来获取。

DataContractJsonSerializer常用方法：

  1. WriteObject：将指定对象序列化为Json数据，其中一个重载版本：

public override void WriteObject(Stream stream, Object graph );

  1. stream：要写入的流。
  2. graph：包含要写入流的数据的对象。
  1. ReadObject：读取Json格式流，并返回反序列化的对象。其中一个重载版本：

public override Object ReadObject(Stream stream);

  1. stream：要读取的Stream。

【例 10.28】【项目：code10-028】使用DataContractJsonSerializer生成和解析Json格式。

        //序列化

        private void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            Books newbooks = new Books();

            BookStore newBook = new BookStore();

            Book newSingleBook = new Book();

            newSingleBook.ISBN = "9787302425274";

            newSingleBook.Title = "星球大战：克隆人的进攻";

            newSingleBook.Price = 48.0f;

            newSingleBook.Year = "1985";

            newBook.book = newSingleBook;

            newbooks.bookstore = newBook;

                       

            //使用GetType方法获得Books的Type对象

            DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Books));

            System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();

            //将指定对象序列化为Json数据并写入流

            serializer.WriteObject(ms, newbooks);

            Byte[] json;

            json = ms.ToArray();

            ms.Close();

            ///将字节数组按照编码转换为字符串

            string strNewBook  = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(json);

            textBox1.Text = strNewBook;

        }

        //反序列化

        private void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            string strNewBook =textBox1.Text;

            Books newBooks = new Books();

            DataContractJsonSerializer serializer=new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Books));

            Byte[] bteNewBook;

            bteNewBook = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strNewBook);

            System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream(bteNewBook);

            newBooks = (Books)serializer.ReadObject(ms);

            textBox2.Text += "---------------" + "\r\n";

            textBox2.Text += "ISBN：" + newBooks.bookstore.book.ISBN + "\r\n";

            textBox2.Text += "Title：" + newBooks.bookstore.book.Title + "\r\n";

            textBox2.Text += "Price：" + newBooks.bookstore.book.Price + "\r\n";

            textBox2.Text += "Year：" + newBooks.bookstore.book.Year + "\r\n";

        }

        //序列化数组

        private void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            BooksArray newBooks = new BooksArray();

            newBooks.Name = "星球大战系列";

            newBooks.bookstore = new BookStoreArray[3];

            Book newSingleBook = new Book();

            newSingleBook.ISBN = "9787302425274";

            newSingleBook.Title = "星球大战：克隆人的进攻";

            newSingleBook.Price = 48.0f;

            newSingleBook.Year = "1985";

            BookStoreArray newBook = new BookStoreArray();

            newBook.book = newSingleBook;

            newBooks.bookstore[0] = newBook;

            newSingleBook = new Book();

            newSingleBook.ISBN = "9787302426899";

            newSingleBook.Title = "星球大战：西斯的复仇";

            newSingleBook.Price = 58.0f;

            newSingleBook.Year = "1985";

            newBook = new BookStoreArray();

            newBook.book = newSingleBook;

            newBooks.bookstore[1] = newBook;

            newSingleBook = new Book();

            newSingleBook.ISBN = "99787302421146";

            newSingleBook.Title = "星球大战：新的希望";

            newSingleBook.Price = 35.0f;

            newSingleBook.Year = "1985";

            newBook = new BookStoreArray();

            newBook.book = newSingleBook;

            newBooks.bookstore[2] = newBook;

            DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(BooksArray));

            System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream();

            serializer.WriteObject(ms, newBooks);

            Byte[] json;

            json = ms.ToArray();

            ms.Close();

            string strNewBook = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(json);

            textBox1.Text = strNewBook;

        }

        //反序列化数组

        private void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

        {

            string strNewBook = textBox1.Text;

            BooksArray newBooks = new BooksArray();

            DataContractJsonSerializer serializer = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(BooksArray));

            Byte[] bteNewBook;

            bteNewBook = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strNewBook);

            System.IO.MemoryStream ms =new System.IO.MemoryStream(bteNewBook);

            newBooks = (BooksArray)serializer.ReadObject(ms);

            textBox2.Text = newBooks.Name + "\r\n";

            for (int i = 0; i <= newBooks.bookstore.Length - 1; i++)

            {

                textBox2.Text += "---------------" + "\r\n";

                textBox2.Text += "ISBN：" + newBooks.bookstore[i].book.ISBN + "\r\n";

                textBox2.Text += "Title：" + newBooks.bookstore[i].book.Title + "\r\n";

                textBox2.Text += "Price：" + newBooks.bookstore[i].book.Price + "\r\n";

                textBox2.Text += "Year：" + newBooks.bookstore[i].book.Year + "\r\n";

            }

        }

运行结果同【例 10.27】。

学习更多vb.net知识，请参看vb.net 教程 目录

学习更多C#知识，请参看C#教程 目录

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