python爬虫实现简单的代理ip池
我们在普通的爬虫过程中经常遇到一些网站对ip进行封锁的
下面演示一下普通的爬虫程序
使用requests.get爬取数据
这段代码是爬取豆瓣排行榜的数据，使用f12来查看请求的url和数据格式
代码
def requestData():# 爬取数据的urlurl: str = "https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list";# 拼接url的请求参数,根据查看记录可以看到，start是页码params: dict = {"type": 24,"start": 0,"limit": 20,"interval_id": "100:90","action": ""}# 请求头headers: dict = {"Cookie": 'bid=E_4gLcYLK28; douban-fav-remind=1; _pk_id.100001.4cf6=356001ac7c27c8a7.1721138006.; __yadk_uid=3UpO8BdyzrKbVCb1NOAtbGumsp4WCXwl; __utmz=30149280.1721147606.4.2.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided); __utmz=223695111.1721147606.3.2.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided); ll="118281"; _vwo_uuid_v2=DD3C30CAFFD881E01CA061E73D9968226|23b8625e4550d2e13d1dacf343f40f5d; __utma=30149280.457246694.1704531990.1721147606.1721223349.5; __utmc=30149280; __utma=223695111.1791837078.1721138006.1721147606.1721223349.4; __utmb=223695111.0.10.1721223349; __utmc=223695111; _pk_ref.100001.4cf6=%5B%22%22%2C%22%22%2C1721223349%2C%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F%22%5D; _pk_ses.100001.4cf6=1; ap_v=0,6.0; __utmt=1; __utmb=30149280.1.10.1721223349',"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/121.0.0.0"}# 循环100次来获取数据for i in range(1000):params["start"] = 20 * i;try:data = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers);jsonData = data.json();for item in jsonData:print("标题：{} 评分：{}".format(item["title"], item["score"]))except Exception as e:pass;
请求头中的User-Agent是模仿浏览器，告诉请求的地址，我们也是浏览器的请求，这个是可以针对一些低级的反爬做的一些措施，Cookie就是身份验证，要跟服务器说明我们的身份，也是针对一些低级的反爬做的一些措施
for i in range(1000):params["start"] = 20 * i;try:data = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers);jsonData = data.json();for item in jsonData:print("标题：{} 评分：{}".format(item["title"], item["score"]))except Exception as e:pass;
这里加了try except 这个是为了防止爬虫失败导致后面的数据没有进行爬取到
jsonData = data.json();for item in jsonData:print("标题：{} 评分：{}".format(item["title"], item["score"]))
这一段就是拿出爬取的json格式的数据，进行打印，这里也可以写如excel也可以写进数据库，因为我不需要那些数据，所以就做了简单的打印，查看爬取的数据
以上这段代码就是简单的爬虫，但是这种简单的爬虫，很容易遇到ip反爬，下面就演示简单的ip代理池爬虫
def requestDataIp():# 爬取数据的urlurl: str = "https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list";# 拼接url的请求参数,根据查看记录可以看到，start是页码params: dict = {"type": 24,"start": 0,"limit": 20,"interval_id": "100:90","action": ""}# 请求头headers: dict = {"Cookie": 'bid=E_4gLcYLK28; douban-fav-remind=1; _pk_id.100001.4cf6=356001ac7c27c8a7.1721138006.; __yadk_uid=3UpO8BdyzrKbVCb1NOAtbGumsp4WCXwl; __utmz=30149280.1721147606.4.2.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided); __utmz=223695111.1721147606.3.2.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided); ll="118281"; _vwo_uuid_v2=DD3C30CAFFD881E01CA061E73D9968226|23b8625e4550d2e13d1dacf343f40f5d; __utma=30149280.457246694.1704531990.1721147606.1721223349.5; __utmc=30149280; __utma=223695111.1791837078.1721138006.1721147606.1721223349.4; __utmb=223695111.0.10.1721223349; __utmc=223695111; _pk_ref.100001.4cf6=%5B%22%22%2C%22%22%2C1721223349%2C%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F%22%5D; _pk_ses.100001.4cf6=1; ap_v=0,6.0; __utmt=1; __utmb=30149280.1.10.1721223349',"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/121.0.0.0"}# 动态ip代理池ipList: List[str] = ["d484.kdltps.com:15818","d484.kdltps.com:15818","117.42.94.126:19634"]ipIndex = 0;# 循环100次来获取数据for i in range(100):proStr = ipList[ipIndex];proxies = {"http": f"http://{proStr}",'https': f"https://{proStr}"}params["start"] = startIdx * 20;try:data = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers,proxies=proxies);jsonData = data.json();for item in jsonData:print("标题：{} 评分：{}".format(item["title"], item["score"]))startIdx+=1;except Exception as e:print("请求报错：" + str(e));pass;ipIndex += 1;if ipIndex >= len(ipList):ipIndex = 0;
这里大部分代码没变，只是加了一些东西
ipList: List[str] = ["d484.kdltps.com:15818","d484.kdltps.com:15818","117.42.94.126:19634"]
这段代码就是默认ip代理池，ip代理池可以是数据库，也可以是excel进行存储
proStr = ipList[ipIndex];proxies = {"http": f"http://{proStr}",'https': f"https://{proStr}"}
这里的http是针对http请求做代理，https是针对https请求做代理
这里就是针对反爬做的措施，因为我每次访问都是用不同的ip代理，有一些反爬措施是根据ip短时间的访问次数进行反爬的，这样就可以逃过一劫，也可以保证我的ip池高可用，一个一个ip被封了
try:data = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers,proxies=proxies);jsonData = data.json();for item in jsonData:print("标题：{} 评分：{}".format(item["title"], item["score"]))except Exception as e:print("请求报错：" + str(e));pass;
这里有一些处理可用优化一下，因为这里遇到错误直接打印然后跳出了，这里可以加一些操作，如果判断ip代理被封了，或者是ip代理失效了就可以删掉这个代理再用其他代理爬一次，比如
def requestDataIp():# 爬取数据的urlurl: str = "https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list";# 拼接url的请求参数,根据查看记录可以看到，start是页码params: dict = {"type": 24,"start": 0,"limit": 20,"interval_id": "100:90","action": ""}# 请求头headers: dict = {"Cookie": 'bid=E_4gLcYLK28; douban-fav-remind=1; _pk_id.100001.4cf6=356001ac7c27c8a7.1721138006.; __yadk_uid=3UpO8BdyzrKbVCb1NOAtbGumsp4WCXwl; __utmz=30149280.1721147606.4.2.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided); __utmz=223695111.1721147606.3.2.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided); ll="118281"; _vwo_uuid_v2=DD3C30CAFFD881E01CA061E73D9968226|23b8625e4550d2e13d1dacf343f40f5d; __utma=30149280.457246694.1704531990.1721147606.1721223349.5; __utmc=30149280; __utma=223695111.1791837078.1721138006.1721147606.1721223349.4; __utmb=223695111.0.10.1721223349; __utmc=223695111; _pk_ref.100001.4cf6=%5B%22%22%2C%22%22%2C1721223349%2C%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F%22%5D; _pk_ses.100001.4cf6=1; ap_v=0,6.0; __utmt=1; __utmb=30149280.1.10.1721223349',"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/121.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/121.0.0.0"}# 动态ip代理池ipList: List[str] = ["d484.kdltps.com:15818","d484.kdltps.com:15818","117.42.94.126:19634"]ipIndex = 0;startIdx = 0;# 循环100次来获取数据for i in range(100):proStr = ipList[ipIndex];proxies = {"http": f"http://{proStr}",'https': f"https://{proStr}"}params["start"] = startIdx * 20;try:data = requests.get(url, params=params, headers=headers,proxies=proxies);jsonData = data.json();for item in jsonData:print("标题：{} 评分：{}".format(item["title"], item["score"]))startIdx += 1;except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:ipList.pop(ipIndex)print("代理报错")except Exception as e:print("请求报错：" + str(e));pass;ipIndex += 1;if ipIndex >= len(ipList):ipIndex = 0;
也就是加了这段代码
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:ipList.pop(ipIndex)print("代理报错")
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