Lua 的 Neovim 常用配置

以下是一份基于 Lua 的 Neovim 常用配置指南，涵盖基础设置、插件管理、代码补全、语法高亮、文件导航等核心功能。所有配置基于现代最佳实践，支持模块化扩展。

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目录结构

~/.config/nvim/
├── init.lua          # 主入口
└── lua/├── core/         # 基础配置│   ├── options.lua│   ├── keymaps.lua│   └── autocommands.lua├── plugins/      # 插件配置│   ├── lsp.lua│   ├── treesitter.lua│   └── telescope.lua└── plugins.lua   # 插件列表

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1. 基础配置 (init.lua)

-- 加载核心模块
require("core.options")
require("core.keymaps")
require("core.autocommands")-- 初始化插件管理器 Lazy.nvim
local lazypath = vim.fn.stdpath("data") .. "/lazy/lazy.nvim"
if not vim.loop.fs_stat(lazypath) thenvim.fn.system({"git","clone","--filter=blob:none","https://github.com/folke/lazy.nvim.git","--branch=stable",lazypath,})
end
vim.opt.rtp:prepend(lazypath)-- 加载插件列表
require("plugins")

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2. 核心配置模块

(1) 基础选项 (core/options.lua)

vim.opt.number = true           -- 行号
vim.opt.relativenumber = true   -- 相对行号
vim.opt.tabstop = 4             -- Tab 显示宽度
vim.opt.shiftwidth = 4          -- 自动缩进宽度
vim.opt.expandtab = true        -- Tab 转空格
vim.opt.mouse = "a"             -- 鼠标支持
vim.opt.termguicolors = true    -- 真彩色支持
vim.opt.cursorline = true       -- 高亮当前行
vim.opt.signcolumn = "yes"      -- 始终显示左侧标记列
vim.opt.splitright = true       -- 垂直分割在右侧打开
vim.opt.splitbelow = true       -- 水平分割在下方打开

(2) 快捷键映射 (core/keymaps.lua)

local keymap = vim.keymap-- 通用快捷键
keymap.set("n", "<leader>w", ":w<CR>", { desc = "保存文件" })
keymap.set("n", "<leader>q", ":q<CR>", { desc = "关闭窗口" })
keymap.set("n", "<C-s>", ":source %<CR>", { desc = "重新加载配置" })-- 窗口导航
keymap.set("n", "<C-h>", "<C-w>h", { desc = "跳转到左侧窗口" })
keymap.set("n", "<C-j>", "<C-w>j", { desc = "跳转到下方窗口" })
keymap.set("n", "<C-k>", "<C-w>k", { desc = "跳转到上方窗口" })
keymap.set("n", "<C-l>", "<C-w>l", { desc = "跳转到右侧窗口" })-- 缓冲区管理
keymap.set("n", "<leader>bn", ":bnext<CR>", { desc = "下一个缓冲区" })
keymap.set("n", "<leader>bp", ":bprevious<CR>", { desc = "上一个缓冲区" })

(3) 自动命令 (core/autocommands.lua)

local autocmd = vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd-- 保存时自动格式化
autocmd("BufWritePre", {pattern = "*",callback = function()vim.lsp.buf.format({ async = false })end
})-- 进入文件时光标回到上次位置
autocmd("BufReadPost", {pattern = "*",callback = function()if vim.fn.line("'\"") > 1 and vim.fn.line("'\"") <= vim.fn.line("$") thenvim.cmd("normal! g'\"")endend
})

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3. 插件配置 (plugins.lua)

return {-- 主题插件{ "catppuccin/nvim", name = "catppuccin", priority = 1000 },-- 文件树{"nvim-tree/nvim-tree.lua",dependencies = { "nvim-tree/nvim-web-devicons" },config = function()require("nvim-tree").setup()vim.keymap.set("n", "<leader>e", ":NvimTreeToggle<CR>", { desc = "Toggle File Tree" })end},-- 语法高亮增强{"nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter",build = ":TSUpdate",config = function()require("plugins.treesitter")end},-- LSP 配置{"neovim/nvim-lspconfig",dependencies = {"williamboman/mason.nvim","williamboman/mason-lspconfig.nvim"},config = function()require("plugins.lsp")end},-- 自动补全{"hrsh7th/nvim-cmp",dependencies = {"hrsh7th/cmp-nvim-lsp","hrsh7th/cmp-buffer","L3MON4D3/LuaSnip"},config = function()require("plugins.cmp")end},-- 文件搜索{"nvim-telescope/telescope.nvim",dependencies = { "nvim-lua/plenary.nvim" },config = function()require("plugins.telescope")end}
}

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4. 功能模块配置

(1) LSP 配置 (plugins/lsp.lua)

require("mason").setup()
require("mason-lspconfig").setup({ensure_installed = { "clangd", "pyright", "lua_ls" }
})local lspconfig = require("lspconfig")
local capabilities = require("cmp_nvim_lsp").default_capabilities()-- 通用 LSP 配置
local on_attach = function(client, bufnr)vim.api.nvim_buf_set_option(bufnr, "omnifunc", "v:lua.vim.lsp.omnifunc")vim.keymap.set("n", "gd", vim.lsp.buf.definition, { buffer = bufnr, desc = "跳转到定义" })vim.keymap.set("n", "gr", vim.lsp.buf.references, { buffer = bufnr, desc = "查找引用" })vim.keymap.set("n", "K", vim.lsp.buf.hover, { buffer = bufnr, desc = "显示文档" })
end-- 语言服务器配置
lspconfig.clangd.setup({ capabilities = capabilities, on_attach = on_attach })
lspconfig.pyright.setup({ capabilities = capabilities, on_attach = on_attach })
lspconfig.lua_ls.setup({settings = {Lua = {diagnostics = { globals = { "vim" } }}}
})

(2) 自动补全 (plugins/cmp.lua)

local cmp = require("cmp")cmp.setup({sources = cmp.config.sources({{ name = "nvim_lsp" },{ name = "buffer" },}),mapping = cmp.mapping.preset.insert({["<C-b>"] = cmp.mapping.scroll_docs(-4),["<C-f>"] = cmp.mapping.scroll_docs(4),["<C-Space>"] = cmp.mapping.complete(),["<CR>"] = cmp.mapping.confirm({ select = true }),}),snippet = {expand = function(args)require("luasnip").lsp_expand(args.body)end}
})

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5. 常用插件推荐

分类	插件	功能描述
UI 增强	lualine.nvim	状态栏美化
Git 集成	gitsigns.nvim	行级 Git 状态显示
调试工具	nvim-dap	调试器集成
注释工具	Comment.nvim	快速注释代码
项目管理	project.nvim	自动识别项目根目录

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6. 性能优化技巧

1. 延迟加载插件：

   -- 按文件类型加载
   { "someone/plugin", ft = "python" }-- 按快捷键加载
   { "someone/plugin", keys = "<leader>p" }
   

2. 禁用不需要的插件：

   -- 在 plugins.lua 中注释不需要的插件条目
   -- { "unused/plugin" }
   

3. 定期清理插件：

   :Lazy clean  -- 删除未使用的插件
   

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7. 启动性能分析

:Lazy profile  -- 查看插件加载时间
:StartupTime   -- 需要安装 [dstein64/vim-startuptime]

通过以上配置，你可以获得一个现代化的 Neovim 开发环境，支持代码智能提示、语法高亮、快速导航等功能。所有配置均可根据实际需求灵活调整。