【保姆级】Python项目部署到Linux生产环境（uwsgi+python+flask+nginx服务器）

1.安装python

我这里是3.9.5版本

安装依赖：

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make -y

根据自己的需要下载对应的python版本：

cd /usr/local
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.5/Python-3.9.5.tgz

解压 > 编译 > 安装

tar -xvf Python-3.9.5.tgz
cd /usr/local/Python-3.9.5
./configure
make all
make install

Python解释器配置清华源：

pip3.9 config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

2.虚拟环境配置

1）安装 virtualenv

pip3.9 install virtualenv

2）创建虚拟环境（一般是一个项目一个虚拟环境）

mkdir home/python_item/envs
cd /home/python_item/envs/
virtualenv /home/python_item/envs/tender --python=python3.9

3）激活虚拟环境

source  /home/python_item/envs/tender/bin/activate

4）安装项目依赖

cd /home/python_item/tender_project #进入项目目录pip3.9 install flask
pip3.9 install lxml
pip3.9 install pymysql
pip3.9 install requests

3、uwsgi安装

1）安装uwsgi

激活虚拟环境，在虚拟环境中安装
source  /home/python_item/envs/tender/bin/activate
pip install uwsgi

2）基于uwsgi配置文件的方式运行flask项目

[uwsgi]socket = 127.0.0.1:8001  chdir = /home/python_item/tender_project wsgi-file = main.py callable = app processes = 1 virtualenv = /home/python_item/envs/tender/

3）启动项目

uwsgi --ini tender_test.ini

报错：

(tender) [root@node1 tender_project]# uwsgi --ini tender_test.ini
[uWSGI] getting INI configuration from tender_test.ini
*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.26 (64bit) on [Tue Jul 16 15:30:21 2024] ***
compiled with version: 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) on 16 July 2024 07:24:56
os: Linux-3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 28 15:37:28 UTC 2022
nodename: node1
machine: x86_64
clock source: unix
pcre jit disabled
detected number of CPU cores: 8
current working directory: /home/python_item/tender_project
detected binary path: /home/python_item/envs/tender/bin/uwsgi
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
chdir() to /home/python_item/tender_project
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI without its master process manager ***
your processes number limit is 7787
your memory page size is 4096 bytes
detected max file descriptor number: 1024
lock engine: pthread robust mutexes
thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock)
uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 127.0.0.1:8001 fd 3
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
Python version: 3.9.5 (default, Jul 16 2024, 15:00:56)  [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)]
PEP 405 virtualenv detected: /home/python_item/envs/tender/
Set PythonHome to /home/python_item/envs/tender/
*** Python threads support is disabled. You can enable it with --enable-threads ***
Python main interpreter initialized at 0x27abcc0
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections
your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds
mapped 72920 bytes (71 KB) for 1 cores
*** Operational MODE: single process ***
Traceback (most recent call last):File "main.py", line 7, in <module>from common import WebInfoFactoryFile "/home/python_item/tender_project/./common.py", line 2, in <module>import requestsFile "/home/python_item/envs/tender/lib/python3.9/site-packages/requests/__init__.py", line 43, in <module>import urllib3File "/home/python_item/envs/tender/lib/python3.9/site-packages/urllib3/__init__.py", line 42, in <module>raise ImportError(
ImportError: urllib3 v2 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently the 'ssl' module is compiled with 'OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017'. See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2168
unable to load app 0 (mountpoint='') (callable not found or import error)
*** no app loaded. going in full dynamic mode ***
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
*** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***
spawned uWSGI worker 1 (and the only) (pid: 1600, cores: 1)

解决：

urllib3版本不兼容，卸载重装

pip3.9 uninstall urllib3pip3.9 install urllib3==1.22

重启即可

uwsgi --ini tender_test.ini

nginx

安装：Linux安装Nginx

配置：

    upstream flask {server 127.0.0.1:8001 weight=1;
}server {listen       80;server_name  localhost;#charset koi8-r;#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;location / {root   html;index  index.html index.htm;}location /tenderTest {    uwsgi_pass   flask;include  /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params;
#            index  index.html index.htm;}location /test/ {uwsgi_pass   127.0.0.1:8002;include  /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params;
#            index  index.html index.htm;}#error_page  404              /404.html;# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html#error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;location = /50x.html {root   html;}# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80##location ~ \.php$ {#    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;#}# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000##location ~ \.php$ {#    root           html;#    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;#    fastcgi_index  index.php;#    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;#    include        fastcgi_params;#}# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root# concurs with nginx's one##location ~ /\.ht {#    deny  all;#}}

4.访问成功

5.编写脚本快速重启/停止

reboot.sh

#! /usr/bin/env bash
echo -e "======================wsgi process======================"ps -ef|grep tender_test.ini |grep -v grepsleep 0.5echo -e "======================going to close ======================"ps -ef | grep tender_test.ini | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9sleep 0.5echo -e "======================check if the kill action is correct ======================"/home/python_item/envs/tender/bin/uwsgi --ini tender_test.ini & >/dev/nullecho -e "======================started... ======================"sleep 1ps -ef | grep tender_test.ini |grep -v grep

stop.sh

echo -e "======================wsgi process======================"ps -ef|grep tender_test.ini |grep -v grepsleep 0.5echo -e "======================going to close ======================"ps -ef  |grep tender_test.ini | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9sleep 0.5

在项目目录下执行重启或停止，脚本放在下面，根据自己的实际情况进行修改即可

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