安装拼音分词器
选择es版本对应的pinyin分词器版本
下载后解压，放到es的插件目录下
重启es
自定义分词器
拼音分词器——可选配置
1. 首字母处理配置
keep_first_letter (默认: true)
解释：是否提取每个汉字的首字母组合，用于支持首字母缩写搜索
开启时：刘德华 → [ldh]
关闭时：刘德华 → []（不生成首字母）
应用场景：适用于"ldh"搜索"刘德华"的需求
keep_separate_first_letter (默认: false)
解释：是否将每个汉字的首字母分开存储
开启时：刘德华 → [l,d,h]
关闭时：刘德华 → [ldh]
注意：开启会增加索引体积，但能支持更灵活的搜索（如"l d h"）
limit_first_letter_length (默认: 16)
解释：限制首字母结果的最大长度
示例：
中华人民共和国 → 默认输出[zhrmghg]（7字符）
设置为3时 → [zhr]
用途：控制长文本的首字母结果长度
2. 完整拼音处理
keep_full_pinyin (默认: true)
解释：是否保留每个汉字的完整拼音
开启时：刘德华 → [liu,de,hua]
关闭时：刘德华 → []
必要性：支持拼音精确搜索的基础配置
keep_joined_full_pinyin (默认: false)
解释：是否将完整拼音连接成一个词
开启时：刘德华 → [liudehua]
关闭时：刘德华 → [liu,de,hua]
优劣：连接后减少索引词项，但会丢失单字搜索能力
3. 非中文处理配置
keep_none_chinese (默认: true)
解释：是否保留原始文本中的非中文字符
开启时：刘德华AT2016 → [liu,de,hua,AT2016]
关闭时：刘德华AT2016 → [liu,de,hua]
重要性：处理混合文本的关键参数
keep_none_chinese_together (默认: true)
解释：是否保持非中文连续字符的完整性
开启时：DJ音乐家 → [DJ,yin,yue,jia]
关闭时：DJ音乐家 → [D,J,yin,yue,jia]
影响：关闭后会显著增加索引词项数量
4. 高级处理配置
none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize (默认: true)
解释：是否将非中文按拼音规则拆分
开启时：liudehua2016 → [liu,de,hua,2,0,1,6]
关闭时：liudehua2016 → [liudehua2016]
特殊用途：处理拼音与数字混合的情况
remove_duplicated_term (默认: false)
解释：是否去除重复的词项
开启时：de的 → [de]
关闭时：de的 → [de,的]
权衡：节省30-50%索引空间，但影响高亮精度
keep_original (默认：false)
解释：是否保留原始的文本
开启时："北京" → ["北京", "beijing", "bj"]
关闭时："北京"→ ["beijing", "bj"]
5. 系统行为配置
ignore_pinyin_offset (默认: true)
解释：是否忽略拼音分词的位置偏移
开启时：允许重叠分词（节省资源）
关闭时：严格位置约束（保证高亮准确）
版本注意：Elasticsearch 6.0+必须关注此参数
自定义分词器的工作原理
elasticsearch中分词器（analyzer）的组成包含三部分:
- character filter：在tokenizer之前对文本进行处理。例如删除字符、替换字符
- tokenizer：将文本按照一定的规则切割成词条（term）。例如keyword,就是不分词;还有ik_smart
- tokenizer filter：将tokenizer输出的词条做进一步处理。例如大小写转换、同义词处理、拼音处理等
案例
新建用于测试自定义分词器的索引库test
PUT /test
{"settings": {"analysis": {"analyzer": {"my_analyzer": {"tokenizer": "ik_max_word","filter": "py" }},"filter": { "py": {"type": "pinyin","keep_full_pinyin": false, # 不保留每个汉字的完整拼音"keep_joined_full_pinyin": true, # 把完整的拼音连成一个长拼音"keep_original": true, # 保留原始的文本"limit_first_letter_length": 16, # 限制首字母的最大长度为16"remove_duplicated_term": true, # 去除重复的选项"none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false # 不将非中文按拼音规则拆分}}}},"mappings": {"properties": {"words": {"type": "text","analyzer": "my_analyzer","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"}}}
}创建倒排索引的时候使用 my_analyzer
查询的时候指定分词器为 ik_max_word
这样就不会出现查询"狮子"的时候，出现虱子有关的词条了
测试
POST /test/_analyze
{"text": ["了却君王天下事junwang天下事"],"analyzer": "my_analyzer"
}{"tokens" : [{"token" : "了却","start_offset" : 0,"end_offset" : 2,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 0},{"token" : "leque","start_offset" : 0,"end_offset" : 2,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 0},{"token" : "lq","start_offset" : 0,"end_offset" : 2,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 0},{"token" : "君王","start_offset" : 2,"end_offset" : 4,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 1},{"token" : "junwang","start_offset" : 2,"end_offset" : 4,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 1},{"token" : "jw","start_offset" : 2,"end_offset" : 4,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 1},{"token" : "天下事","start_offset" : 4,"end_offset" : 7,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 2},{"token" : "tianxiashi","start_offset" : 4,"end_offset" : 7,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 2},{"token" : "txs","start_offset" : 4,"end_offset" : 7,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 2},{"token" : "天下","start_offset" : 4,"end_offset" : 6,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 3},{"token" : "tianxia","start_offset" : 4,"end_offset" : 6,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 3},{"token" : "tx","start_offset" : 4,"end_offset" : 6,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 3},{"token" : "事","start_offset" : 6,"end_offset" : 7,"type" : "CN_CHAR","position" : 4},{"token" : "shi","start_offset" : 6,"end_offset" : 7,"type" : "CN_CHAR","position" : 4},{"token" : "s","start_offset" : 6,"end_offset" : 7,"type" : "CN_CHAR","position" : 4},{"token" : "junwang","start_offset" : 7,"end_offset" : 14,"type" : "ENGLISH","position" : 5},{"token" : "天下事","start_offset" : 14,"end_offset" : 17,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 6},{"token" : "tianxiashi","start_offset" : 14,"end_offset" : 17,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 6},{"token" : "txs","start_offset" : 14,"end_offset" : 17,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 6},{"token" : "天下","start_offset" : 14,"end_offset" : 16,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 7},{"token" : "tianxia","start_offset" : 14,"end_offset" : 16,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 7},{"token" : "tx","start_offset" : 14,"end_offset" : 16,"type" : "CN_WORD","position" : 7},{"token" : "事","start_offset" : 16,"end_offset" : 17,"type" : "CN_CHAR","position" : 8},{"token" : "shi","start_offset" : 16,"end_offset" : 17,"type" : "CN_CHAR","position" : 8},{"token" : "s","start_offset" : 16,"end_offset" : 17,"type" : "CN_CHAR","position" : 8}]
}PUT /test/_doc/1
{"words":"身上有虱子"
}PUT /test/_doc/2
{"words":"山里有狮子"
}执行DSL
GET /test/_search
{"query": {"match": {"words": "虱子"}}
}指定search_analyzer为ik_max_word前的结果
{"took" : 6,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 2,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 0.33425623,"hits" : [{"_index" : "test","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "1","_score" : 0.33425623,"_source" : {"words" : "身上有虱子"}},{"_index" : "test","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "2","_score" : 0.3085442,"_source" : {"words" : "山里有狮子"}}]}
}
指定search_analyzer为ik_max_word后的结果
{"took" : 2,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 1,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : 0.9530773,"hits" : [{"_index" : "test","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "1","_score" : 0.9530773,"_source" : {"words" : "身上有虱子"}}]}
}显然，第二个结果是才是我们所希望的。
自动补全
es提供了completion suggest 查询来实现自动补全的功能，这个查询会匹配用户输入开头的词条并返回。
参与补全查询的字段必须是completion类型的，字段里内容是参与补全的多个词条。
自动补全（DSL实现）
创建一个game索引库，里面仅有一个completion类型的字段——title
PUT /game
{"settings": {"analysis": {"analyzer": {"my_analyzer": {"tokenizer": "ik_max_word","filter": "py" }},"filter": { "py": {"type": "pinyin","keep_full_pinyin": false,"keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,"keep_original": true,"limit_first_letter_length": 16,"remove_duplicated_term": true,"none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false}}}},"mappings": {"properties": {"title": {"type": "completion","analyzer": "my_analyzer","search_analyzer": "ik_max_word"}}}
}POST /game/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":1}}
{"title":["原神","开放世界","角色扮演","动作冒险","多平台","米哈游"]}
{"index":{"_id":2}}
{"title":["王者荣耀","MOBA","5v5","竞技","手游"]}
{"index":{"_id":3}}
{"title":["绝地求生","大逃杀","FPS","射击","Steam"]}
{"index":{"_id":4}}
{"title":["英雄联盟","MOBA","PC","竞技","团队合作"]}
{"index":{"_id":5}}
{"title":["崩坏：星穹铁道","角色扮演","回合制","科幻","米哈游"]}测试案例1
GET /game/_search
{"suggest": {"game_suggest": {"text": "mi","completion": {"field": "title","skip_duplicates":false,"size": 5}}}
}{"took" : 0,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 0,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : null,"hits" : [ ]},"suggest" : {"game_suggest" : [{"text" : "mi","offset" : 0,"length" : 2,"options" : [{"text" : "米哈游","_index" : "game","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "1","_score" : 1.0,"_source" : {"title" : ["原神","开放世界","角色扮演","动作冒险","多平台","米哈游"]}},{"text" : "米哈游","_index" : "game","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "5","_score" : 1.0,"_source" : {"title" : ["崩坏：星穹铁道","角色扮演","回合制","科幻","米哈游"]}}]}]}
}测试案例2
GET /game/_search
{"suggest": {"game_suggest": {"text": "ha","completion": {"field": "title","skip_duplicates":false,"size": 5}}}
}{"took" : 0,"timed_out" : false,"_shards" : {"total" : 1,"successful" : 1,"skipped" : 0,"failed" : 0},"hits" : {"total" : {"value" : 0,"relation" : "eq"},"max_score" : null,"hits" : [ ]},"suggest" : {"game_suggest" : [{"text" : "ha","offset" : 0,"length" : 2,"options" : [ ]}]}
}RestAPI实现自动补全
@Test
void testSuggest() throws Exception {
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("game");
request.source().suggest(new SuggestBuilder().addSuggestion("game_suggest", SuggestBuilders.completionSuggestion("title").prefix("mi").skipDuplicates(false).size(5)));SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
CompletionSuggestion completionSuggestion = response.getSuggest().getSuggestion("game_suggest");for (CompletionSuggestion.Entry entry : completionSuggestion.getEntries()) {for (CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option option : entry) {// 获取补全文本String suggestedText = option.getText().string();// 获取关联文档的_source（如果有）Map<String, Object> source = option.getHit().getSourceAsMap();System.out.println("命中: " + suggestedText);System.out.println("关联文档: " + source);}
}
}命中: 米哈游
关联文档: {title=[原神, 开放世界, 角色扮演, 动作冒险, 多平台, 米哈游]}
命中: 米哈游
关联文档: {title=[崩坏：星穹铁道, 角色扮演, 回合制, 科幻, 米哈游]}
