运维高级课一

shell

自动增加版权信息

vim ~/.vimrc

autocmd BufNewFile *.py,*.cc,*.sh,*.java exec ":call SetTitle()"
func SetTitle()if expand("%:e") == 'sh'call setline(1,"#!/bin/bash")call setline(2,"#########################")call setline(3,"#File name:".expand("%"))call setline(4,"#Version:v1.0")call setline(5,"#Email:admin@test.com")call setline(6,"#Created time:".strftime("%F %T"))call setline(7,"#Description:")call setline(8,"#########################")call setline(9,"")endif
endfunc

变量

弱，不需要实现，直接可以使用

核心：变量名等于变量值

           标识符的命名要求

           驼峰原则   小：logPath   大：LogPath

           下划线       log_path

1>linux配置jdk

首先下载好需要的jdk包

1、把tar包上传到linux上后，解压

[root@openEuler-1 ~]# mkdir /usr/java
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# cd /root
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  jdk-8u60-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@openEuler-1 ~]#  yum install tar -y
Last metadata expiration check: 1:03:01 ago on Sat 11 Jan 2025 03:13:10 PM CST.
Package tar-2:1.34-5.oe2203sp4.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# tar xf jdk-8u60-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java

2、配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile

模块化，在环境变量中要求要以.sh结尾

[root@openEuler-1 ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_60/
export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_60/jre
export CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin

3、使终端生效

source /etc/profile.d/java.sh / . /etc/profile.d/java.sh

2>位置变量 

$1...${10}

3>特殊变量

$0: 脚本名称

$?: 上一条命令是否执行成功，0 为执行成功，非 0 则为执行失败

$#：位置参数总数

$*：所有的位置参数被看做一个字符串

$@：每个位置参数被看做独立的字符串

引号

""-------------如果引用的是字符串和单引号功能相同，变量的替换
''-------------所见即所得，原封不动引用
``-------------引用命令的结果，等价于$()

[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo "Hello,world!" 
Hello,world!
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo 'Hello,world!' 
Hello,world!
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo Hello,world!
Hello,world!
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo "Hello,$USER."
Hello,root.
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo 'Hello,$USER.'
Hello,$USER.
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo "Hello,`whoami`."
Hello,root.

字符串

1、求长度

[root@openEuler-1 ~]# VAR='hello world!'
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo ${#VAR}
12
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# VAR='hello world! i am Ruimin'
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo ${#VAR}
24
 

2、切片

格式：
${parameter:offset}
${parameter:offset:length}
截取从 offset 个字符开始，向后 length 个字符。

[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo ${VAR:2}
llo world! i am Ruimin
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo ${VAR:2:4}
llo
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo ${VAR:4}
o world! i am Ruimin
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo ${VAR::4}
hell
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# 

3、变量状态赋值

4、颜色显示

格式：
\033[1;31;40m # 1 是显示方式，可选。31 是字体颜色。40m 是字体背景颜色。
\033[0m # 恢复终端默认颜色，即取消颜色设置。

echo默认会换行

[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo hello
hello
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# echo -n hello
hello[root@openEuler-1 ~]# 
 

表达式

[] [[]] test

[ ]的左右必须要加空格

整数：
    eq--相等
    ne--不等
    lt--小于
    gt--大于
    le--小于等于
    ge--大于等于
    
字符串：
    ==
    !=
    -n  长度不为0
    -z  长度为0
    

文件测试：

布尔：
    -a 与
    -o 或
    ！ 非

循环

if语句

单分支

1、判断脚本执行是否是root用户

[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# #判断脚本执行是否是root用户
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# whoami
root
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# echo $USER  #1、字符串比较
root
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# grep ^root /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# echo $UID   #2、root用户的UID=0
0 
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# vim +  l1.sh
if [ "${whoami}" != "root" ]
thenecho "请使用root用户来运行脚本。"exit 2
fi[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# bash l1.sh
请使用root用户来运行脚本。
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# echo $?
2
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# vim +  l2.sh
if [ $UID -ne 0 ]
thenecho "请使用root用户来运行脚本。"exit 2
fi[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# bash l2.sh
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# echo $?
0    #正常运行了，所以应该是0[root@openEuler-1 ~]# useradd tom
[root@openEuler-1 ~]# su - tom
[tom@openEuler-1 ~]$ whoami
tom
[tom@openEuler-1 ~]$ echo $UID
1000
[tom@openEuler-1 ~]$ bash /server/scripts/l2.sh 
请使用root用户来运行脚本。
[tom@openEuler-1 ~]$ echo $?
2

2、判断crond进程是否进行

[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# ps -ef | grep crond | grep -vc grep
1
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -vc grep
0  #未启动
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# systemctl start nginx
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -vc grep
3
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# 
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# vim + l3.sh

NAME=nginx
NUM=$(ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -vc grep)if [ $NUM -ge 1 ]
thenecho "$NAME is running ..."
elseecho "$NAME is not running ..."
fi

[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# bash l3.sh
nginx is not running ...

其他方法

[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# systemctl start nginx
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# systemctl is-active nginx
active
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# systemctl is-active nginx
inactive

多分支

#!/bin/bash
N=10
if [ $N -lt 5 ]; then
echo yes
else
echo no
fi
# bash test.sh
no

for语句

单层循环

for 变量名 in 取值列表;do

命令

done

[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# vim + l6.sh

#for v in 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10
for v in {1..10}
doecho $v
done

[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# bash l6.sh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
 

生成一个序列

seq 10     seq 1 2 10    seq 0 2 10

[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# seq 1 2 10
1
3
5
7
9
[root@openEuler-1 scripts]# seq 0 2 10
0
2
4
6
8
10

echo{1..10}

for ((i=1;i <= 100; i++))
do
let sum+=i
doneecho "1+2+3+ ... +100 = $sum"

DB="information_schema|performance_schema|mysql|sys"
db=$(mysql -N -e "show databases" | egrep -v $DB)[ -d /server/db ] || mkdir -p /server/dbfor v in $db
domysqldump -B $v > /server/db/${v}_$(date +%F).sql
done

DB="information_schema| performance_schema|mysql|sys"db=$(mysql -N -e "show databases" | egrep -v $DB)for v in $db
do
bak_path=/server/db/$v
[ -d ${bak_path} ] | | mkdir -p ${bak_path}
mysqldump -B $v > ${bak_path}/${v}_$(date +%F).sql
tb=$(mysql -N -e "show tables from $v")for m in $tb
do
mysqldump $v $m > $bak_path/${v}_${m}_$(date +%F).sql
donedone