口语笔记——非谓语动词作宾语

宾语属于名词性从句，非谓语动词中只有不定式和动名词可以作宾语。

• I like playing basketball.
• I like to play basketball.

to do作宾语

主谓宾结构

• he decided to move. 他决定搬家。
• I hope to go back home early. 我希望回家早一点。
• He expected to pass the exam. 他期待通过考试
• I can’t afford to fail again. 我不能承受再失败一次。

  lose: 是与人比赛输掉或失败，fail：是自己做什么事情失败

• I failed to catch up with the plane. 我没赶上飞机。
• I agreed to leave earlier tomorrow. 我同意明天早点出发。

  agree with sb, agree on sth, agree to do sth

• He attemped to lie to me. 我企图对我撒谎。
• He offered to help us. 我提出要帮我们。
• They prepare to resign. 我们准备辞职。
• He pretend to be ill. 他假装病了。

主谓宾补结构

• we think it better to start early. 我们觉得早点开始比较好

== we think to start early better.

• Do you think it better not to go? 你认为不去好些吗？

== Do you think not to go better?

• He made it possible to get people to learn English well shortly. 他让人们短时间内学好英语变得可能。

He made to get people to learn English well shortly possible.

疑问词 + to do

• we don’t know what to do. 我们不知道该怎么办。

  == we don’t know what we should do. 当主语相同且表示将来就可以把从句换成疑问词+to do .

• he is thinking when to leave.
• can you tell me how to solve this problem? 你能告诉我怎么解决这个问题吗？

动名词

动名词作宾语

• Braking in time can avoid hitting effectively. 及时刹车可以避免撞击。
• This is why he is considering looking for another job. 这就是为什么他在考虑换一份工作。
• He has been practicing English. 他最近一直在练习英语。
• he is so lucky that he missed being caught. 你避免被抓很幸运。
• Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打开下窗户吗？

  Do you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打开下窗户吗？
  Do you mind me opening the window? （同上）
  Do you mind if I open the window? 条件状语从句

• I suggest him giving up the idea. 我建议他放弃这个想法

  I suggest his giving up the idea.
  I suggest that he give up the idea. (从句是虚拟语气，动词用原形）

动名词作介宾

• He is good at lying. 他擅长撒谎。
• He left without saying anything. 他什么都没说就离开了
• It is just like playing basketball. 这就像打篮球一样。
• He learnt English well through working hard. 你通过努力学好了英语

to doing

to + doing 可以看作是 to + 名词

• I’m used to living alone. 我已经习惯自己生活了。
• I’m looking forward to seeing you. 我期盼见到你
• Most of us are objected to leaving tomorrow. 我们中的绝大多说反对明天离开
• He devoted himself to helping others. 他把自己奉献在了帮助别人上。
• You should pay attention to practicing. 你应该注意练习。
• You should stick to learning English. 你应该坚持学习英语。

used to 几种用法：

• I used to go to the park nearby. 我过去常常去附近的家园。

• He used to be what his father was. 他过去常常像他爸爸以前一样。

  这两处used to 表示过去常常

• I’m used to what he says. 我对他说的已经习惯了。

• I’m used to the new life. 我对新生活习惯了。

• I’m used. 我习惯了

• I will be used to it. 我会习惯它的。

• I got used to it. 我已经习惯了。

• You look used to it. 你看起来已经习惯了

  这两处used to 表示习惯

• The book can be used for information. 这本书可以用来查找信息。

• The book can be used for reading. 这本书可以用来读。（for表示目的）

• The book can be used to read. 这本书可以用来读。（to do 表示目的）

  此处used 表示被用于

to do与to doing区别

start to do和start doing 都可以表示开始做某事，但在以下三种情况时都用to do.

• 物作主语只能用 to do
  • It started to rain.
• 进行时后面只能用to do
  • he is starting to learn English.
• 后接表示心理活动的动词，例如：understand, know, realize
  • I started to realize that he is good. 我开始意识到他很棒。

doing 表示常态（泛指），to do表示具体某次（特指），类似动词有like/hate/love/prefer。

• I prefer playing basketball. 我更喜爱打篮球（一直喜欢）
• I prefer to do basketball. 我喜欢去打篮球（当前这个时刻）

doing表示做过，to do表示去做，类似动词有remember/forget/regret

• I forget to tell you. 我忘记去告诉你
• I forget telling you. 我忘记告诉过你
• I remember closing the door. 我记得关过门
• I remember to close the door. 我记得去关门

try: doing表示尝试，to do表示努力

• He tried to learn English. 他努力去学英语。
• I tried learning English. 我尝试学过英语。
• He tried his best to help you. 他非常努力的去帮助你。

mean: doing表示意味着， to do表示打算

• He means to study hard. 你打算努力学习。
• He didn’t mean to hurt you. 你没打算伤害你。
• It means nothing. 这没有任何意义
• It means that he will help you. 这意味着他会帮你。

stop: doing停止在做的事， to do 停止去做某事

• Stop watching TV. 停止看电视
• stop to watch TV. 停下来去看电视

can’t help: doing表示忍住，to do表示不能帮忙

• I can’t help to save him. 我没办法去救他
• I can’t help laughing. 我忍不住笑

相关阅读

• 口语笔记-句子结构概括
• 口语笔记——虚拟语气